Indian Tea (Tea in India)
Indian Tea
Hello my friends,
Today we will discuss about Indian Tea. So let’s began
Indian Tea is the most drinking thing in India. India is
the second largest producer of tea in the world after China, including the
famous Assam
tea and Darjeeling tea. Tea is the 'State
Drink' of Assam Following this the
former Planning Commission (renamed Niti Aayog) Deputy Chairman, Montek Singh
Ahluwalia had plans to officially recognise tea as the Indian "National Drink" in
2013. According to the ASSOCHAM report released in
December 2011, India is the world's largest consumer of tea, consuming nearly
30% of global output. India is also the second-largest exporter of tea,
after China.
The practice of Ayurveda has resulted in a long-standing
tradition of herbal
teas.
Traditional Indian kitchens have long utilised the medicinal benefits offered
by various plants and spices such as holy basil (Tulsi), cardamom (Elaichi), pepper (Kali Mirch), liquorice (Mulethi), mint (Pudina), etc., and
traditionally, Indian Tea is made with these plant leaves or spices have
been in use for centuries for maladies ranging from the serious to the
trifling. Tea is also mixed with these traditional herbs. The taste of chai
(sweet and milky) helps disguise the stronger and more bitter flavours of some
of the medicinal additives, while other, more pleasant flavours such as
cardamom, clove and ginger add a pleasing
flavour and aroma to the tea along with health benefits.
Consumption of tea in India was first
clearly documented in the Ramayana (750–500 BCE). For
the next thousand years, documentation of tea in India was lost in history.
Records re-emerge during the first century CE, with stories of the Buddhist monks Bodhidharma and Gan Lu, and their
involvement with tea. Research shows that Indian
Tea is indigenous to eastern and
northern India, and was cultivated and consumed there for thousands of years.
Commercial production of tea in India did not begin until the arrival of
the British East India Company, at which point large tracts of land
were converted for mass tea production.
Today, India is one of the largest
tea producers in the world, with over 70% of the tea being consumed within
India itself. A number of renowned teas, such as Assam and Darjeeling, also grow exclusively
in India. The Indian Tea industry
has grown to own many global tea brands, and has evolved to one of the most
technologically equipped tea industries in the world. Tea production,
certification, exportation, and all other facets of the tea trade in India is
controlled by the Tea
Board of India.
Tea in Ancient India
Indian Tea cultivation in India has
somewhat ambiguous origins. Though the extent of the popularity of tea in ancient India is unknown, it is
known that the tea plant was a wild plant in India that was indeed brewed by
local inhabitants of different regions But there is no substantial
documentation of the history of tea drinking in the Indian subcontinent for the
pre-colonial period. One can only speculate that tea leaves were widely used in
ancient India since the Indian Tea plant
is native to some parts of India. The Singpho tribe and the Khamti tribe,
inhabitants of the regions where the Camellia sinensis plant grew native,
have been consuming tea since the 12th century. It is also possible that tea
may have been used under another name. Frederick R. Dannaway, in the essay
"Tea As Soma", argues that tea was perhaps better known as "Soma" in Indian
mythology. The tea plant is native to East Asia and the Indian subcontinent,
but the origins and history of tea are not precise.
Many of the origin myths for tea are found in Chinese mythology, and the first
verifiable records for tea consumption also point towards China.
Dutch exploration about
Indian Tea
The next recorded reference to tea in
India after the 12th century dates to 1598, when a Dutch traveler, Jan Huyghen van Linschoten, noted in a book that the leaves of
the Assam tea plant were used by Indians as a vegetable, eaten with garlic and
oil, and as a drink.
The same year, another reference to Indian Tea was recorded, by a different
group of Dutch explorers.
Early British surveys
In an 1877 pamphlet written by Samuel
Baildon, and published by W. Newman and Co. of Calcutta, Baildon wrote,
"...various merchants in Calcutta were discussing the chance of imported
China seeds thriving in Assam, when a native from the province present, seeing
some tea said, 'We have the plant growing wild in our jungles.'" It is
then documented that the Assamese nobleman, Maniram Dutta Barua (also known as Maniram
Dewan), showed British surveyors existing fields used for tea cultivation and
wild tea plants growing in the Assamese jungle.
East India Company
An 1850 depiction of the
tea cultivation process in Assam, India.
In the early 1820s, the British East India Company began large-scale production of
Indian Tea in Assam, India, of a tea variety
traditionally brewed by the Singpho tribe. In 1826, the British East India
Company took over the region from the Ahom kings through the Yandaboo Treaty.
In 1837, the first English tea garden was established at Chabua in Upper Assam;
in 1840, the Assam Tea Company began the commercial production
of tea in the region, run by indentured servitude of the local inhabitants.
Beginning in the 1850s, the tea industry rapidly expanded, consuming vast
tracts of land for tea plantations. By the start of the 20th century, Assam
became the leading tea-producing region in the world. But despite the
discovery of the indigenous Camellia sinensis plant, the tea
industry in India began with 42,000 seedlings germinated from a consignment of
80,000 seeds procured from China—2000 were planted in the hill districts of
South India, and 20,000 each in the hill districts in Kumaon in North India and
Upper Assam on the Northeast frontier. It was only later that the indigenous
plants were used. Today, the Chinese strain produces Darjeeling tea and the
indigenous Assamese
variety produces
the remainder of the tea produced in India.
The Indian Tea cultivation begun there [India] in the nineteenth
century by the British, however, has accelerated to the point that today India
is listed as the world's leading producer, its 715, 000 tons well ahead of
China's 540, 000 tons, and of course, the teas of Assam, Ceylon (from the island
nation known as Sri
Lanka),
and Darjeeling are world famous.
However, because Indians average half a cup daily on per capita basis, fully 70
percent of India's immense crop is consumed locally.
Modern tea production in India
India was the top producer of Indian Tea for nearly a century, but
recently China has overtaken India as the top tea producer due to increased
land availability. Indian tea companies have acquired a number of iconic
foreign tea enterprises including British brands Tetley and Typhoo. India is also the
world's largest tea-drinking nation. However, the per capita consumption
of tea in India remains a modest 750 grams per person every year due to
the large population base and high poverty levels. From Rs 19,500 crore in
2011 (equivalent to US$3,182,307,692 in 2019),
the total turnover of the Indian tea industry is expected to be Rs 33,000 crore
by 2015 (equivalent to US$5,140,696,055 in 2019)
according to the ASSOCHAM report of 2011. The same report pegs 90 per cent
of all Indian households as regular Indian
Tea drinkers. The reasons stated are "tea is cheap, affordable, and
addictive." However, the annual per capita tea consumption in India was only
0.52 kg per person in 2009.
In general, even though
India leads the world in tea technology, the methods employed to harvest the
crop vary with the type of tea and terrain. Fine-leaf tea is hand plucked, and
hand shears are used on mountain slopes and in other areas where
tractor-mounted machines cannot go. A skilled worker using hand shears can
harvest between 60 to 100 kg of tea per day, whereas machines cut between
1,000 and 2, 000 kg. The latter, however, are usually applied to low grade
teas that often go into teabags. The tea
"fluff" and waste from processing is used to produce caffeine for soft drinks and
medicine.
Geographical varieties of tea in India
As per the Tea Board under the
Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India, the tea varieties
found in India are Darjeeling, Assam, Nilgiri, Kangra, Munnar, Dooars-Terai,
Masala Tea and Sikkim
tea.
Most of the teas have been named after the regions they are produced in and
they are also statutorily protected as Geographical Indicators.
Darjeeling tea
Darjeeling tea is grown at elevations
ranging from 600 to 2000 metres above sea level with over 300 cm rainfall
on average. They were first planted in the 1800s and now they have their own
unique brand in the world.
According to the Tea Board of India,
a consumer must check for Darjeeling logo and the Tea Board's
certification and license numbers, or else one may not having authenticate darjeeling tea.
The Tea Board claims Darjeeling tea
is best drunk in porcelain teaware without any sugar or milk.
Consumption of tea in India
If we look at a data about Indian Tea, According to National
Sample Survey Organisation data, India consumes 15 times more tea than
coffee. Tea is made both at home and outside. Outside the home, Indian Tea is most commonly and easily
found at the tea stalls that dot just about every street in India. Post the
success of coffee chains of Barista and Cafe Coffee day, the tea stall has
become a part of the urban landscape with several tea themed cafe chains like
Chaayos, Chai Point and Tea Trails taking root in metro cities in recent
years. In india Indian Tea is
now a cultural institution, even celebrated as in the recent art exhibition
titled "Chai Wallah and other stories" by the artist Vijay
Gille. "Chai Wallah" is the Hindi title accorded to the man who
runs the tea stall. The 2014 general elections also saw the election of Narendra Modi who worked for his father's
tea stall as a child. The phrase "Chai-Pani" literally meaning,
tea and water, is used to offer welcome drinks and facilitate guests in houses
of India.
According to the historian Lizzi
Collingham, the taste for tea was developed in India through a dedicated push
on the part of the producers of tea once tea production in India gained
momentum. This is one of the fact that the tea is named as Indian Tea . Initially, free
samples of tea were offered from horse-drawn carts belonging to various companies.
As early as 1907, Brooke Bond, an English tea company
started experimenting with a fleet of horse-drawn vans for distributing teas.
The British tradition of taking tea with a little milk and sugar was introduced
along with the samples.
Unlike the British cup of Indian Tea, tea in India is not served
in a set where the leaves are steeped separately. Typically, Indian Tea is consumed with both milk
and sugar but the tea leaves are not prepared separately by being steeped.
Instead, the tea leaves are boiled along with additions and then boiled again
after the addition of milk and sugar. Sometimes the tea leaves themselves are
used as flavouring. In many parts of the country, the most special tea is one
where the tea leaves are boiled solely in milk.
There are many other popular
variations of Indian Tea depending
on regional and cultural affiliations. By and large, tea drinkers in India
drink milk
tea.
Popular tea brews in Assam are Sah, Ronga Sah
(red tea without milk) and Gakhir Sah (milk tea). In West Bengal
and Bangladesh it is called Cha.
In Hindi speaking north India, popular tea brews are Masala Chai, Kadak Chai (typically a feature
of the mountain community of North India, this is a very strongly brewed tea,
almost to the point of bitterness), Malai Mar Ke Chai (where a generous dollop
of full fat cream is spooned into the cup of tea) are some of the more popular
variations.
Conclusion
So as we saw above that Indian Tea is the most famous drinking
thing in India. In india tea is like a part of our daily routine. Indian Tea is like drinking oxygen for Indian
people. By the efforts of our tea farmars Indian
Tea become a highest selling thing by India around whole world.
So friend this is all about for
today, If you like my blog on Indian Tea
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Jai Hind Jai Bharat.
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